| One of the most important symptoms of lung | | | | hormone-like substances that increase blood |
| cancer is coughing up blood or haemoptysis. This | | | | calcium levels. This influences nerves and muscles, |
| can sometimes happen as an early warning sign | | | | making the person suffer weak and dizzy. |
| of a cancer which might still be curable. Any | | | | Various blood tests can be done to search for |
| person who coughs up blood should observe their | | | | lung cancer "markers"-that is, elements in the |
| GP for advice immediately because the disease | | | | blood that are related with the presence of the |
| has to be considered, principally if the person is a | | | | disease. For instance, it may be signified by |
| smoker over the age of 40. | | | | abnormalities in the following: |
| Some symptoms of lung cancer are caused by | | | | - PTH (parathyroid hormone)-Blood levels of PTH |
| direct effects of the primary tumor, to effects | | | | or PTH-related protein possibly will assist to |
| of metastatic tumors in other areas of the body, | | | | differentiate cancer of lung from cancer of the |
| or to troubles of hormones, blood, or other | | | | pleura or other diseases. |
| systems affected by the cancer. | | | | - CEA (carcinogenic antigen)-a cancer-specific |
| If the cancer develops in the airway, it might | | | | immune system protein that is existing in several |
| block airflow, causing breathing troubles. This can | | | | adenocarcinomas, including lung adenocarcinoma. |
| cause accumulation of secretions behind the | | | | Increased preoperative levels of CEA typically |
| blockage, predisposing the patient to pneumonia. A | | | | recommend a poor prognosis. A CEA level |
| lot of cancers of lung have a rich blood supply. | | | | greater than 50 might reveal advanced stage lung |
| The surface of the cancer might be fragile, leading | | | | cancer and ought to dishearten treatment by |
| to bleeding from the cancer into the airway. This | | | | resection. |
| blood might consequently be coughed up. | | | | - CYFRA21-1 (cytokeratin fragment 19)-a protein |
| A number of cancers of the lung make | | | | marker of cancer. |