| article_content"> | | | | those with two wild-type copies of the gene. |
| Early signs of melanoma are changes to the | | | | MC1R mutations are very common; in fact, all |
| shape or color of existing moles. The mole may | | | | people with red hair have a mutated copy of the |
| itch, ulcerate or bleed. Metastatic melanoma may | | | | gene. |
| cause general symptoms like loss of appetite, | | | | Two-gene models of melanoma risk have already |
| nausea, vomiting and fatigue. Metastasis as the | | | | been created, and in the future, researchers hope |
| first symptom of melanoma is possible; however, | | | | to create genome-scale models that will allow |
| fortunately less than a fifth of melanomas | | | | them to predict a patient’s risk of |
| diagnosed early become metastatic. | | | | developing melanoma based on his or her |
| Familial melanoma is genetically heterogeneous, | | | | genotype. In addition to identifying high-risk |
| and loci for familial melanoma have been identified | | | | patients, researchers also want to identify |
| on the chromosome arms 1p, 9p and 12q. Multiple | | | | high-risk lesions within a given patient. |
| genetic events have been related to the | | | | Many new technologies, such as optical coherence |
| pathogenesis of melanoma. The multiple tumor | | | | tomography (OCT), are being developed to |
| suppressor 1 (CDKN2A/MTS1) gene encodes | | | | accomplish this. OCT allows pathologists to view |
| p16INK4a -- a low-molecular weight protein | | | | 3-D reconstructions of the skin and offers more |
| inhibitor of cyclin-dependent protein kinases | | | | resolution than past techniques could provide. In |
| (CDKs) -- which has been localised to the p21 | | | | vivo confocal microscopy and fluorescently |
| region of human chromosome 9. | | | | tagged antibodies are also proving to be valuable |
| Today, melanomas are diagnosed only after they | | | | diagnostic tools. Mutation of the MDM2 SNP309 |
| become visible on the skin. In the future, | | | | gene is associated with increased risk of |
| however, physicians will hopefully be able detect | | | | melanoma in younger women. |
| melanomas based on a patient’s genotype, | | | | Most of the treatments require multiple visits to |
| not just his or her phenotype. Recent genetic | | | | the doctor. Laser and electrocautery treatments |
| advances promise to help doctors to identify | | | | are not always effective because they only reach |
| people with high-risk genotypes and to determine | | | | the outermost layers of the skin, while moles |
| which of a person’s lesions have the | | | | penetrate very deep into the dermal tissue, often |
| greatest chance of becoming cancerous. | | | | beyond the reach of these treatments. Surgery, |
| A number of rare mutations, which often run in | | | | the other option doctors commonly offer, |
| families, are known to greatly increase | | | | involves cutting out the mole. The resulting wound |
| one’s susceptibility to melanoma. One class | | | | requires stitches, which will in turn leave a scar. |
| of mutations affects the gene CDKN2A. An | | | | NeviCurative is a powerful all natural topical |
| alternative reading frame mutation in this gene | | | | treatment proven to eliminate and defeat moles |
| leads to the destabilization of p53, a transcription | | | | or nevi. Recent clinical trials have established the |
| factor involved in apoptosis and in fifty percent of | | | | ability of the active constituents in NeviCurative to |
| human cancers. | | | | effectively eradicate skin moles and impair the |
| Another mutation in the same gene results in a | | | | growth of human melanoma cells. NeviCurative |
| non-functional inhibitor of CDK4, a | | | | has therefore been shown to eliminate even the |
| cyclin-dependent kinase that promotes cell division. | | | | most stubborn moles, regardless of their location |
| Mutations that cause the skin condition | | | | on the body, even when other treatments have |
| Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP) also seriously | | | | failed. |
| predispose one to melanoma. Scattered | | | | NeviCurative is well-known for its antioxidant |
| throughout the genome, these mutations reduce | | | | properties. It is comprised of certified organic |
| a cell’s ability to repair DNA. Both CDKN2A | | | | medicinal plant extracts, which have demonstrated |
| and XP mutations are highly penetrant. | | | | their ability to eradicate melanomas and skin |
| Other mutations confer lower risk but are more | | | | tumors in laboratory tests. These extracts have a |
| prevalent in the population. People with mutations | | | | remarkable array of pharmacological and |
| in the MC1R gene, for example, are two to four | | | | biochemical properties, which are highly effective |
| times more likely to develop melanoma than | | | | in eradicating moles. |