Environmental Exposures and Cancer Risk

Between September 2008 and January 2009, an5% to 7%, occupational exposure for 2% to 4%,
advisory panel set up within the National Cancerand pollution for 1% to 5%. Shelia Hoar Zahm,
Institute look at the potential effects ofdeputy director of cancer epidemiology and
environmental exposures on cancer in ourgenetics at the National Cancer Institute notes,
community. The Panel consists of three membershowever, that these numbers are from a 1981
appointed by the US President, who by virtue ofpaper reviewing studies from the 1970s, which
their training, experience, and background areprobably studied exposures dating back to the
exceptionally qualified to appraise the National1960s and earlier.
Cancer Program. At least two members of theHow could it be possible that governing health
Panel are distinguished scientists or physicians.experts cannot agree what is causing cancer?
This is the 240 pages report submitted in AprilWho should we believe? Is it possible that both
2010 by President's Cancer Panel warning thatare correct? After all, environmental toxins are in
"the true burden of environmentally inducedour diet and lifestyle. We eat convenience foods
cancers has been grossly underestimated" andthat has been processed with chemicals, high heat
urging steps be taken to reduce people's broadand irradiation and stripped of its nutritional value
exposure to carcinogens. It is worth the read forand instead contains carcinogenic compounds
anyone who is interested in preventing cancer andformed during the processing steps. We eat food
in preserving the continuation of the human race.that is high in the wrong kinds of fats; obtaining
This report recommends several practices toomega-3 fats from sources that are
reduce environmental exposure in our everydaycontaminated with mercury, polychlorinated
lives. We highlight some of the points and issuesbiphenyls (PCBs) and dioxins; consuming olive oil
raised in this report as we have already previouslythat is exposed to heat and has lost its potential
emphasised these in our book "Is Your Food Killingantioxidant properties; we eat fresh fruits and
You?"vegetables not in a synergistic way to prevent
Research on environmental causes of cancer hasbut to increase cancer etc. We are advised by
been limited by low priority and inadequate fundingour national health authorities to eat synthetically
and there is a lack of emphasis on environmentalproduces vitamins and food that has no proven
research as a route to primary cancer prevention,benefit to our health, instead causing the opposite
particularly compared with research emphases onand increasing the risks of cancer. Lifestyle
genetic and molecular mechanisms in cancer. Thisfactors such as smoking and alcohol consumption
report states that "Efforts to identify, quantify,are associated with socialising and the use of
and control environmental exposures that raiseconsumer products that contain potential toxins
cancer risk, including both single agents andsuch as perfumes and toothpastes.
combinations of exposures, have beenWe feed our babies with milk that has been
complicated by the use of different measures,exposed to contaminated plastic such as from
exposure limits, assessment processes, andBisphenol-A (BPA) bottles and give them food
classification structures across agencies in the U.S.from jars due to our hectic (or lazy) lifestyles. We
and among nations. In addition, efforts have beenare so civilised that we have to come indoors
compromised by a lack of effectivewithout removing our shoes and use the same
measurement methods and tools." Currentclothes indoors that we have been using
toxicity testing relies heavily on animal studies thatoutdoors, where exposure to certain types of
utilize doses substantially higher than those likelyhazardous agents are greater. It is diet and
to be encountered by humans and fails to takelifestyle that after all is causing cancer!
into account harmful effects that may occur onlyAlthough much remains to be learned about the
at very low doses especially to developingeffects of environmental exposures on cancer
foetuses and during childhood. This category isrisks, individuals and communities are not being
more vulnerable than adults to increased cancerprovided with what available information there
risk and other adverse effects from virtually allalready is about environmental exposures that
harmful environmental exposures. In addition, athey are constantly being bombarded with, let
potential agent is tested singly rather than inalone the cumulative effects of such exposures
combination with other potential environmentaland how to minimize harmful exposures. We are
agents making the results weak, flawed, orso used to using our everyday convenience
uncorroborated. Environmental carcinogens areproducts that we do not even think about what
everywhere; in our soil, air, water, and numerousgoes into their making. It is particularly important
consumer products.for us to ensure our children are not exposed to
Manufacturing and other industrial products andany more of these cancer causing agents than
processes are responsible for a great many ofthey have already been exposed to. Parents and
the hazardous occupational and environmentalchildcare providers should pay more attention to
exposures experienced by us. Many bannedthe choice of foods, house and garden products,
contaminants remain in our environment becauseplay spaces, toys, medicines and medical tests to
of the slow decomposition. The report states thatminimise children's exposure to toxins.
"Pesticides (insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides)As we at Food myths busted have always
approved for use by the U.S. Environmentalemphasised we can and should look for all ways
Protection Agency (EPA) contain nearly 900to reduce cancer by eating right and avoiding
active ingredients, many of which are toxic. Manyproducts with toxic or potentially toxic ingredients.
of the solvents, fillers, and other chemicals listedEnvironmental toxins all end up in our food; be it
as inert ingredients on pesticide labels also aredirectly or indirectly. If we know how to handle
toxic, but are not required to be tested for theirour food, be it in the initial producing or growing
potential to cause chronic diseases such as cancer.and cleaning stages or at the cooking stages and
It is overwhelming when you consider all theknowing what foods act in synergy with each
things that are or might be hazardous from ourother to help prevent cancer, we are already
drinking water to cell phones to vaccines.way a few steps ahead of the scientific world.
Women usually have higher levels of many toxicThese are some of the simple things we can all
and hormone-disrupting substances than men.do to reduce our exposure to environmental
Some of these chemicals have been found inexposures, in line with the recommendations of
maternal blood, placental tissue, and breast milkthe Presidents Cancer Panel:o Remove shoes
samples from pregnant women and mothers whobefore entering the home. Change your work
recently gave birth. Thus, chemical contaminantsclothes after returning home and wash these
are being passed on to the next generation, bothseparately from other family laundry. Keep your
prenatally and during breastfeeding. Somehouse as dust free as possible but by using
chemicals indirectly increase cancer risk byminimal amounts of chemical cleaning agents.o
contributing to immune and endocrine dysfunctionFilter home tap or well water to reduce exposure
that can influence the effect of carcinogens.to fluoride, lead and other contaminants.o Store
Ideally both mothers and fathers should avoidfood and drinks in stainless steel, glass or BPA-and
exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals andphthalate free containers.o Reduce exposure to
other possible carcinogens prior to the child'spesticides and herbicides, antibiotics and growth
conception and throughout pregnancy and earlyhormones. Cook your food correctly to reduce
life.consumption of heterocyclic amines, polyaromatic
The fact is, instead of using preventive methodshydrocarbons and acrylamide. Eat foods that may
towards these environmental agents, thecontain these compounds in synergy with other
governing bodies need incontrovertible evidencesfoods that can counter the carcinogenic effects
that these agents are a hazard before action toof the compounds above.o Check labels on all
ameliorate it is initiated. By this time, the agent willproducts be it consumable or not. Gain the
have affected millions and what it has alreadyknowledge to understand labels.o Dispose of
done to our genetic makeup and to the survivalpharmaceuticals, household chemicals, paints and
of our future generations we can only speculateother material correctly.o Turn off electrical
on.devices when not in use to reduce exposure to
Interestingly and not unsurprisingly, the panel'spetroleum by-products.o Do not use mobile
assertions have been disputed by the Americanphones or computers excessively. Check home
Cancer Society which argues that lifestyle factorsradon levels regularly.o Where possible, grow your
like smoking, sun exposure, alcohol consumption,own food or cook your food at home.
exercise and diet are the main causes of cancer.We discuss more about the above in details in our
According to the National Cancer Institute,book "Is Your Food Killing You?" Diet and lifestyle
tobacco accounts for 29% to 31% of cancermay be the CAUSE of cancer but it is also the
deaths, diet for 20% to 50%, infectious diseaseway to PREVENT cancer.
for 10% to 20%, ionizing and ultraviolet light for